ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the role of preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory parameters and postoperative lymph-node ratio (LNR) in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammatory response index (SII), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Onodera prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), and LNR of 108 patients with gastric cancer were classified into high and low groups to analyze their prognostic value on the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. The independent prognostic indicators were plotted in columns to predict the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Results NLR was statistically significant in the prognostic assessment of gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (P < 0.001). Moreover, the high PLR group, high SII group, high LNR group, N3 stage, TNM (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) stage, nerve invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer (all P < 0.05). These findings indicated that in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer, the combination of LNR, PLR, and SII (AUC=0.875) was better than that of LNR, PLR, and SII alone or in pairwise combination. Conclusion Elevated NLR, LNR, PLR, and SII are associated with significantly reduced survival of patients. LNR, PLR, and SII could be used as independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, and their combination can predict the survival of gastric cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) is at a special anatomic site with obviously higher morbidity of postoperative complication than gastric cancers at other sites. Postoperative quality of life and survival rate are influenced by the occurrence of complications. Moreover, the perioperative complications are associated with multiple factors such as patient factors (advanced age, obesity and preoperative nutritional status), surgical factors (surgical route, surgical procedure, resection range and prophylactic multivisceral resection), tumor factors (size, stage) etc. Optimizing perioperative management and formulating standardized surgical methods are the key points to prevent postoperative complications of AEG. In conclusion, we should strive to ensure the radical resection and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications in order to truly benefit patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophagogastric Junction/surgery , Gastrectomy , Neoplasm Staging , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) can reactivate xenobiotics that exert enterohepatic circulation- triggered gastrointestinal tract toxicity. GUS inhibitors can alleviate drug-induced enteropathy and improve treatment outcomes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. and its major constituents against Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS), and characterized the inhibitory mechanism of each of the components. Trans-resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HZ-1) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (HZ-2) isolated from P. cuspidatum were identified as the key components and potent inhibitors. These two components displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects on EcGUS, with Ki values of 9.95 and 1.95 μM, respectively. Results from molecular docking indicated that HZ-1 and HZ-2 could interact with the key residues Asp163, Ser360, Ile 363, Glu413, Glu504, and Lys 568 of EcGUS via hydrogen bonding. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of P. cuspidatum and its two components on EcGUS, which supported the further evaluation and development of P. cuspidatum and its two active components as novel candidates for alleviating drug-induced damage in the mammalian gut.
ABSTRACT
This study aims at the critical role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in tumor drug resistance, taking advantage of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependence of P-gp mediated drug transport and efflux across the cell membrane. Mitochondrial targeted calcium arsenite/doxorubicin (DOX) lipid nanoparticles were constructed via hydrothermal method and thin-film dispersion method for reversing tumor drug resistance. The results showed that the lipid nanoparticles were uniform in size and well dispersed with a mean particle size of (261 ± 7) nm, zeta potential of (-9.6 ± 1.3) mV. The DOX loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency were 22.6% and 84.0%. The in vitro drug release profile was pH-dependent; the drug accumulation at mitochondria was significantly increased, which then caused overload of calcium and inhibition of P-gp and ATP, thereby reversing tumor drug resistance. The simultaneously released arsenite ion and DOX could synergistically kill the tumor cells. In summary, the lipid nanoparticles prepared in this study have uniform particle size, high drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency, excellent colloidal stability, pH responsiveness, and impressive ability to reverse tumor drug resistance, which may hold great potential in further clinical applications.
ABSTRACT
Allergic diseases, mainly mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) immunity, have become a worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in treating and preventing allergic symptoms. As the new target of anti-allergy TCM, basophils, after approximately 140 years since their discovery, are just now gaining respect as important contributors in the pathogenesis underlying allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to their role as effector cells, basophils can release early IL-4, migrate from circulatory system into draining lymph nodes, present antigen to naive CD4+ T cells, and promote the differentiation of Th2 cells. Herein, we briefly summarized the recent research advances of the essential contributions of basophils in the initiation of Th2 immune responses.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To evaluate the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II.Methods Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were searched in databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang database, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc and related websites from medlive.cn, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, World Health Organization, and Guidelines International Network from establishment to January 11, 2020. Two researchers reviewed literatures and assessed the methodological quality of the guidelines independently by using AGREE II; any disagreements needed to be discussed in a consensus meeting.Results A total of 84 guidelines were included in the study, with 67 foreign guidelines and 17 domestic guidelines. The average score rate for all the guidelines was 48.1%, in which 49.9% for the foreign guidelines and 40.7% for the domestic guidelines. In the six areas of AGREE II, the average score rate of the foreign guidelines was higher than that of domestic ones (|Z| > 2.034, P < 0.05), expect applicability; the average score rate of clarity and independence improved with the launch of AGREE Ⅱ ( Z > 2.130, P < 0.05). The average scores rate ranged from high to low followed as range and purpose (41.6%), clarity (39.9%), participants (24.5%), rigor (23.2%), independence (15.5%) and applicability (12.9%). Conclusion Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation is mainly of low quality by AGREE II. Guideline developers need to work after AGREE Ⅱ standard in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify and comprehensively evaluate Cynomorium songaricum from different producing areas in order to provide reference for the quality evaluation of C. songaricum and the determination of the suitability of the origin. Methods: A total of 40 samples from five provinces (regions) were collected to measure the content of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechins, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Sr, Ni, Ag, Ba, Ti, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg. The data reflecting the quality of C. songaricum were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and entropy weight TOPSIS analysis. Results: The contents of Mn, Zn, Co, catechin, Pb, Cr, Ca, Ti, total flavonoids, protocatechuic acid, Mg and Cu in C. songaricum are important for distinguishing different producing areas. The quality of C. songaricum in Inner Mongolia was the best in all provinces (regions), followed by Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Qinghai Provinces. Conclusion: The results of OPLS-DA combined with entropy weight TOPSIS analysis are reasonable, objective and effective, and can be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators of C. songaricum.
ABSTRACT
The distal radioulnar joint is not only the main load-bearing joint in the wrist, but also the pivot of the rotation of the forearm. It is one of the most important and unique joints in the body. Maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint is very important for our daily life. The tissue to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint includes bone structures and soft tissue structures. Although the contribution of soft tissue structures to its stability is far exceeding that of bone structures, the influence of abnormal bone structure on the distal radioulnar joint cannot be ignored. By reviewing the relevant literatures, this article divides the bone structural abnormalities into congenital and acquired bone structural abnormalities. The effects of congenital and acquiredbone structural abnormalities on the distal radioulnar joint stability are analysized and collated in this article, and its clinical symptoms, clinical grading, clinical treatments are also summerized. The problems of distal radioulnar joint instability in clinical practicing and its future researching directions are briefly described in order to provide some suggestions for future clinical applications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forearm , Joint Instability , Rotation , Ulna , Wrist , Wrist JointABSTRACT
Objective::To establish a pre-column derivatization reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 17 amino acids in Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas and conduct a multivariate statistical analysis. Method::RP-HPLC with pre-column derivatization was employed, with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as derivatization reagent. Separation was performed on a WondaSil C18-WR column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), with 0.05 mol·L-1 sodium acetate solution (pH 6.5) as mobile phase A, and acetonitrile-methanol-water (3∶1∶1) as mobile phase B for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. The detective wave length was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. Principal component analysis (PCA) and systematic cluster analysis (HCA) models were established for multivariate statistical analysis and quality evaluation. Result::17 Kinds of amino acid were detected in Cynomorii Herba, 7 of which were essential amino acids. The 17 amino acids showed good linearity in respective concentration range, r = 0.999 0-0.999 9.The average recoveries were between 98.03%-103.89%with RSD<3.5%. The results of PCA and HCA were basically the same, and both methods can be used to clearly distinguish Cynomorii Herba from 12 municipal producing areas into 6 regions. PCA can be used to classify Cynomorii Herba according to different municipal or provincial production areas, and HCA can be used to classify it according to provincial production areas. It showed that the amino acid contents in Cynomorii Herba from different municipal and provincial producing areas had differences, and the content distribution showed obvious geographical clustering characteristics. PCA showed that Cynomorii Herba from Gansu province and Inner Mongolia had higher amino acid contents and better quality as compared with other producing areas. Conclusion::The established method can be used for content determination of 17 amino acids in Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas, and provide a reference for its comprehensive quality evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas based on fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics. Method: FTIR spectrum data of 106 batches of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities in 5 provinces were collected by transmission method and preprocessed. The FTIR fingerprints of Cynomorii Herba were established, and spectrum analysis was performed. The FTIR similarities of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were calculated by correlation coefficient method. The first derivative (1D) spectrum of average FTIR of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were obtained. The soft independent modeling of class analog (SIMCA) model based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established by the preprocessed 1D spectrum data. The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model was established by top 6 principal components. Result: The FTIR fingerprint trend and main absorption peaks of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were basically the same,and 16 common characteristic absorption peaks were recognized. Similarity and 1D spectrum of FTIR fingerprint of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas showed significant and unique characteristics. The established SIMCA model can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different provinces,while OPLS model can realize accurate classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba in different cities. The classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 city producing areas showed obvious geographical clustering characteristics. Conclusion: The established method based on FTIR and chemometrics can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To screen and verify the differentially expressed genes related with aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by bioinformatics, so as to provide new molecular markers for the research and clinical treatment of AML.@*METHODS@#The gene expression profiling chip related with BM-MSCs in AML patients in our hospital and the gene chip GSE84881 selected from NCBI database GEO were used for data analysis and exploration. The DAVID analysis software was used to perform gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes related with aging of BM-MSCs in AML patients were identified. Bone marrow samples were collected and MSCs were amplified in vitro, and RT-PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed genes, which should be further identified with senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and MTT cell proliferation assays.@*RESULTS@#A total of 247 differentially expressed genes were screened out by bioinformatics methods, including genes of 132 up-regulated expression and 115 down-regulated expression. Six differentially expressed genes related with aging of BM-MSCs in AML patients were screened out, including the genes of up-regulated expression, COL3A1 (P<0.05), CRYAB (P<0.01), DCN (P<0.05), and the genes of down-regulated expression, including CCL2 (P<0.05), CTSC (P<0.01) and IL6 (P<0.05). These 6 differentially expressed genes were consistent with data from chip assays, and which was significantly correlated with aging of BM-MSCs in AML patients. Meanwhile, the positive rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining in BM-MSCs of AML patients was significantly different from that of healthy donors (P<0.01). MTT cell proliferation assay showed that BM-MSCs in AML patients had proliferative ability lower than the healthy donors' BM-MSCs.@*CONCLUSION@#The data here suggest novel clues for the clinical research and treatment of BM-MSCs aging in AML patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Computational Biology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of clinicopathological factors on the recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)after radical resection.METHODS: The data of patients with HCC who underwent radical resection between January 2000 and December 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively.Clinical and pathological data from first resection to the recurrence of HCC with PVTT were extracted in the form of data tables.All patients were divided into PVTT group and non PVTT group according to the occurence of PVTT at time of HCC recurrence,and the risk factors of PVTT formation were analyzed.Risk factors influencing the formation time,from radical resection to HCC recurrence,were analyzed in recurrent HCC patients with PVTT.RESULTS: Univariate analysis results showed that patients having HCC with multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Child-pugh B grade had a high proportion of PVTT when HCC recurred.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Childpugh B grade were independent risk factors for PVTT formation after radical resection of HCCA predictive model was established on the basis of the three risk factors(1 point for each factor).ROC curve showed the total model score has certain predictive value.The area under the curve was 0.662(P=0.003,95% CI:0.557-0.766),cut-off value was 0.5 points,Youden index was 0.302(sensitivity=60.0%,specificity=70.2%).The higher the model score,the shorter the tumor-free survival time(P=0.007),and the higher the incidence of PVTT recurrence(P=0.001).The results of Kaplan-Meier(log-rank test)and multivariate analysis of Cox regression model showed that lower differentiation of HCC was an independent risk factor influencing the time from radical resection to HCC recurrence with PVTT(P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Patients with multiple tumor foci,no tumor capsule and Child grade B grade liver cancer are more likely to recur with PVTT after RO operation.And among them,the low differentiation of liver cancer grows faster.A closer follow-up or preventive treatment of patients with high-risk factors may improve prognosis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of "Yinqi Guiyuan" needling in the treatment of primary insomnia. METHODS: A total of 79 primary insomnia outpatients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=39). The patients in the control group were given oral Estazolam tablets once a day, for successive 4 weeks. For patients of the treatment group, Zhongwan (CV12), Xiawan (CV10), Qihai (CV6), Guanyuan (CV4), Baihui (GV20), etc., were punctured with filiform needles for 30 min. The treatment was conducted three times per week for 4 successive weeks. The sleep quality (sleeping quality, falling asleep time, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic and daytime dysfunction, 0 to 21 points) was evaluated by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The severity of insomnia (self-perception, sleep satisfaction, daytime function damage, sensibility change, and concern for sleep problems, 0 to 28 points) was assessed using insomnia severity index (ISI) score. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the PSQI score reduction rate = (pre-treatment PSQI score-post-treatment PSQI score)/pre-treatment PSQI score ×100%. RESULTS: After treatment, the total score of PSQI, ISI and the score of each item were all significantly reduced in the two groups relevant to their own pre-treatment (P0.05). CONCLUSION: "Yinqi Guiyuan" needling and Estazolam are comparable in treatment primary insomnia, and the former is superior to the latter in avoiding hypnotic drug use and in improving daytime function.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there are currently no effective strategies for preventing IUA recurrence. In this review, we introduced the role of Hippo signaling in the normal endometrium and IUA and described the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway integrates with the Wnt and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways to form an intricate network governing the development of fibrosis.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Original research articles in English that were published until July 2017 were collected from the PubMed database.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Literature search was conducted using the search terms "endometrial fibrosis OR fibrosis AND or OR intrauterine adhesion OR Asherman syndrome OR IUA," "Hippo AND or OR Hippo/TAZ," "TGF-β," and "Wnt." Related original research articles were included in the comprehensive analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endometrial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological event in the development of IUA, which is characterized by epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrous scarring, and myofibroblast differentiation can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways. Hippo signaling is a critical regulator of the epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and α-smooth muscle actin, which exhibits a specific spatiotemporal expression in the endometrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hippo signaling plays a critical role in fibrous diseases and participates in cross talks with Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Our findings not only contributed to knowledge on the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis, but can also serve as a useful resource for developing specific molecular inhibitors for IUA treatment and prevention.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether heart tissue-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes the differentiation of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) implanted in rat infracted myocardium to improve the cardiac structure and function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat CDCs were cultured by cardiac explant methods, and ECM was prepared by decelluariztion method. In a Wistar rat model of acute myocardial infarction established by ligating the left anterior descending branch, IMDM solution, ECM suspension, 10CDCs in IMDM solution, or 10CDCs in ECM suspension were injected into the infracted rat myocardium (6 rats in each group). The cardiac function of the rats was evaluated by cardiac ultrasonography, and the percentage of positive heart fibrosis area after infarction was determined with Masson staining. The differentiation of implanted CDCs in the infarcted myocardium was detected using immunofluorescence assay for the markers of cardiac muscle cells (α-SA), vascular endothelial cells (vWF) and smooth muscle cells (α-SMA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three weeks after acute myocardial infarction, the rats with injection of CDCs in ECM showed the highest left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and percentage of fraction shortening with the lowest percentage of positive heart fibrosis area; implantation of CDCs with ECM resulted in significantly higher rates of CDC differentiation into cardiac muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Heart-tissue derived ECM significantly promotes the differentiation of CDCs implanted in the infracted myocardium into cardiac muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells to improve the cardiac structure and cardiac functions in rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Extracellular Matrix , Transplantation , Myocardial Infarction , Therapeutics , Myocardium , Myocytes, Cardiac , Transplantation , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Cell Biology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy of the first radioiodine (131 I) ablation of residual thyroid on differentiated thyroid carcinomas after surgery and to analyze the influential factors for efficacy.Methods All 91 differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients were treated with 131I after surgery.According to pathologic types of the tumor,surgical options,and time interval between surgery and radioiodine treatment,patients were divided into different groups,then the efficacy was observed.Results Fifty of 91 patients (54.9％) achieved successful thyroid remnant ablation after the first dose.The success rate of first ablation of residual thyroid tissues had no relationship with the pathologic type of the tumor(P ＞ 0.05).While it was statistically related to the surgical options,among which patients undertaking the total thyroidectomy possessed the highest success rate (79.3％)(P ＜0.05).Ninety one patients were divided into 3 groups according to the time interval between surgery and radioiodine ablation:group less than 3 months (3M group),group from 3 to 12 months (3 ～ 12 M group),group beyond 12 months (12M).Among them,the 3M group possessed the highest success rate (68.0％) (P ＜0.05).Conclusions There would be better effect of the first ablation of residual thyroid tissues with total thyroidectomy,ablation conducted within 3 months after surgery.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish the stem rapid propagation culture system of Prezewalskia tangutica using aseptic seedling of P. tangutica as materials. Methods: The stems from one month aseptic seedling were inoculated on Muragshige and Skoog media supplemented with different phytohormones to select the optimum medium for inducing differentiation of the adventitious buds and roots. Furthermore, the contents of four active alkaloids were measured with HPLC. Results: The optimum medium was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L for inducing the propagation of the adventitious buds. The adventitious roots could be induced on MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L media. The inductivity was 71.67%. The HPLC data suggested that the content of total alkaloids is highest in root (141.25 μg/g). The content of total alkaloids in callus was lower than those in roots, stems, and leaves. Conclusion: The contents of total alkaloids in different fractions of P. tangutica seedlings are different, and the proportion of different alkaloids in total alkaloids is different, which indicates that the formation and dedifferentiation of organ can influence the contents of alkaloids in P. tangutica seedlings.
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of CIAPIN1 gene on the proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562. The shRNA eukaryotic expression vector targeting CIAPIN1 gene was constructed and transfected into K562 cells. The inhibitory efficiency on K562 cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot; the proliferative activity of K562 cells was detected by MTT assay; the number and size of colonies were assessed by using colony-forming test; the tumorigenic potential was tested in vivo by using nude mice. The results indicated that as compared with control group, the CIAPIN1 gene expression statistically decreased; the proliferative activity of K562 cells in interference group was distinctly weakened; the number and size of colonies were significantly reduced; the tumorigenic potential was also lowered in vivo. It is concluded that inhibition of CIAPIN1 expression can inhibit K562 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Proliferation , Genetic Vectors , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Genetics , K562 Cells , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Genetics , RNA, Small Interfering , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influencing factors for lymphocyte subsets in children 0 to 6 years of age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Umbilical artery blood samples from 45 healthy full-term infants and venous blood samples from 79 healthy children between 0 and 6 years were collected. According to the methods of delivery, the full-term infants were divided into vaginal delivery group (n=22) and cesarean section group (n=23). Healthy children were divided into different age groups: 28 days to 12 months (n=25), 1-3 years (n=26), and 3-6 years (n=28). Lymphocyte subsets were examined by flow cytometry. The influencing factors including delivery method, sex, and age, which might have an effect on the lymphocyte subsets, were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in T and Ts cell counts, percentage of B cells, and percentage and count of natural killer (NK) cells between the full-term infants of vaginal delivery and cesarean section (P<0.05). The absolute counts and percentages of different lymphocyte subsets showed no significant differences between males and females in healthy children (P>0.05). The counts of all lymphocyte subsets except Ts and NK cells varied significantly between different age groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lymphocyte subsets in children under 6 years of age are more profoundly affected by age. Delivery method is also a contributing factor in newborn infants. The reference range of lymphocyte subsets in children should be established for different age groups.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Age Factors , Flow Cytometry , Lymphocyte Subsets , Reference Values , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
This study was purpose to investigate the effect of Sam68 gene silence on proliferation of human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Jurkat. The sequence of shRNA targeting the site 531-552 of Sam68 mRNA was designed and chemically synthesized, then a single-vector lentiviral, Tet-inducible shRNA-Sam68 system (pLKO-Tet-On) was constructed; next the Jurkat cells were infected with lentivirus to create stable cell clones with regulatable Sam68 gene expression. The inhibitory efficiency of Sam68 gene was assayed by Real-time PCR and Western blot; the cell activity of Jurkat cells was detected with MTT assay; the change of colony forming potential of Jurkat cells was analyzed by colony forming test; the cell cycle distribution was tested by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the expression of Sam68 in experimental cells was statistically decreased as compared with that of the control cells; the cells activity and colony forming capacity of the Jurkat cells with Sam68 gene silence were significantly inhibited; with Sam68 gene silencing, the percentage of S phase cells was significantly increased, while the percentage of G2 phase cells was significantly decreased. It is concluded that the silencing Sam68 gene using shRNA interference can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Jurkat.